First we will define the root folder for our web server. Eg: C:\MyPersonalwebServer, and will create a Data directory underneath, our root directory Eg: C:\MyPersonalwebServer\Data. We will Create three files under data directory i.e.

Mime.Dat will have the mime type supported by our web server, Syntax:  <EXTENSION>; <MIME Type>e.g.
.html; text/html
.htm; text/html
.gif; image/gif
.bmp; image/bmp

VDirs.Dat will have the virtual directory Information. Syntax: <VirtualDir>; <PhysicalDir>  e.g.
/; C:\myWebServerRoot/
/test/; C:\myWebServerRoot\Imtiaz\

Note:We have to include all the directories used by our web server, for example, if the html page contains reference to images and we want to display image, we need to include it also. e.g.
/images/; c:myWebServerRoot\./files/archive152/

Default.Dat will have the virtual directory Information; e.g.
default.html
default.htm
Index.html
Index.htm;

We will store all the information in plain text file for simplicity, we can use XML, registry or even hard code it. Before proceeding to our code let us first look the header information which browser will pass while requesting for our web site

Let say we request for test.html we type http://localhost:5050/test.html
(Remember to include port in the url), here what the web server gets..

GET /test.html HTTP/1.1
Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint,
 application/vnd.ms-excel, application/msword, */*
Accept-Language: en-usAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 4.0; .NET CLR 1.0.2914)
Host: localhost:5050
Connection: Keep-Alive
Let us dive into the code...

// MyWebServer Written by Imtiaz Alam
namespace Imtiaz 
{

	using System;
	using System.IO;
	using System.Net;
	using System.Net.Sockets;
	using System.Text;
	using System.Threading ;

class MyWebServer 
{

	private TcpListener myListener ;
	private int port = 5050 ;  // Select any free port you wish 

	 //The constructor which make the TcpListener start listening on th
	 //given port. It also calls a Thread on the method StartListen(). 
	public MyWebServer()
	{
		try
		{
			 //start listing on the given port
			myListener = new TcpListener(port) ;
			myListener.Start();
			Console.WriteLine("Web Server Running... Press ^C to Stop...");
			
			 //start the thread which calls the method 'StartListen'
			Thread th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(StartListen));
			th.Start() ;

		}
		catch(Exception e)
		{
		    Console.WriteLine("An Exception Occurred while Listening :" +e.ToString());
		}
	}

We defined namespace, included the references required in our application and initialized the port in the constructor, started the listener and created a new thread and called startlisten function.

Now let us assume that the user does not supplies the file name, in that case we have to identify the default filename and send to the browser, as in IIS we define the default document under documents tab.

We have already stored the default file name in the default.dat and stored in the data directory. The GetTheDefaultFileName function takes the directory path as input, open the default.dat file and looks for the file in the directory provided and returns the file name or blank depends on the situation.

public string GetTheDefaultFileName(string sLocalDirectory)
{
	StreamReader sr;
	String sLine = "";

	try
	{
		//Open the default.dat to find out the list
		// of default file
		sr = new StreamReader("data\Default.Dat");

		while ((sLine = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
		{
			//Look for the default file in the web server root folder
			if (File.Exists( sLocalDirectory + sLine) == true)
				break;
		}
	}
	catch(Exception e)
	{
		Console.WriteLine("An Exception Occurred : " + e.ToString());
	}
	if (File.Exists( sLocalDirectory + sLine) == true)
		return sLine;
	else
		return "";
}

We also need to resolve the virtual directory to the actual physical directory like we do in IIS. We have already stored the mapping between the Actual and Virtual directory in Vdir.Dat. Remember in all the cases the file format is very important.

public string GetLocalPath(string sMyWebServerRoot, string sDirName)
{

	StreamReader sr;
	String sLine = "";
	String sVirtualDir = ""; 
	String sRealDir = "";
	int iStartPos = 0;


	//Remove extra spaces
	sDirName.Trim();



	// Convert to lowercase
	sMyWebServerRoot = sMyWebServerRoot.ToLower();

	// Convert to lowercase
	sDirName = sDirName.ToLower();

	
	try
	{
		//Open the Vdirs.dat to find out the list virtual directories
		sr = new StreamReader("data\VDirs.Dat");

		while ((sLine = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
		{
			//Remove extra Spaces
			sLine.Trim();

			if (sLine.Length > 0)
			{
				//find the separator
				iStartPos = sLine.IndexOf(";");

				// Convert to lowercase
				sLine = sLine.ToLower();

				sVirtualDir = sLine.Substring(0,iStartPos);
				sRealDir = sLine.Substring(iStartPos + 1);

				if (sVirtualDir == sDirName)
				{
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	catch(Exception e)
	{
		Console.WriteLine("An Exception Occurred : " + e.ToString());
	}


	if (sVirtualDir == sDirName)
		return sRealDir;
	else
		return "";
}

We also need to identify the Mime type, using the file extension supplied by the user

public string GetMimeType(string sRequestedFile)
{


	StreamReader sr;
	String sLine = "";
	String sMimeType = "";
	String sFileExt = "";
	String sMimeExt = "";

	// Convert to lowercase
	sRequestedFile = sRequestedFile.ToLower();

	int iStartPos = sRequestedFile.IndexOf(".");

	sFileExt = sRequestedFile.Substring(iStartPos);

	try
	{
		//Open the Vdirs.dat to find out the list virtual directories
		sr = new StreamReader("data\Mime.Dat");

		while ((sLine = sr.ReadLine()) != null)
		{

			sLine.Trim();

			if (sLine.Length > 0)
			{
				//find the separator
				iStartPos = sLine.IndexOf(";");

				// Convert to lower case
				sLine = sLine.ToLower();

				sMimeExt = sLine.Substring(0,iStartPos);
				sMimeType = sLine.Substring(iStartPos + 1);

				if (sMimeExt == sFileExt)
					break;
			}
		}
	}
	catch (Exception e)
	{
		Console.WriteLine("An Exception Occurred : " + e.ToString());
	}

	if (sMimeExt == sFileExt)
		return sMimeType; 
	else
		return "";
}

Now we will write the function, to build and sends header information to the browser (client)

public void SendHeader(string sHttpVersion, string sMIMEHeader, int iTotBytes, string sStatusCode, ref Socket mySocket)
{

	String sBuffer = "";
	
	// if Mime type is not provided set default to text/html
	if (sMIMEHeader.Length == 0 )
	{
		sMIMEHeader = "text/html";  // Default Mime Type is text/html
	}

	sBuffer = sBuffer + sHttpVersion + sStatusCode + "\r\n";
	sBuffer = sBuffer + "Server: cx1193719-b\r\n";
	sBuffer = sBuffer + "Content-Type: " + sMIMEHeader + "\r\n";
	sBuffer = sBuffer + "Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\n";
	sBuffer = sBuffer + "Content-Length: " + iTotBytes + "\r\n\r\n";
	
	Byte[] bSendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sBuffer); 

	SendToBrowser( bSendData, ref mySocket);

	Console.WriteLine("Total Bytes : " + iTotBytes.ToString());

}

The SendToBrowser function sends information to the browser. This is an overloaded function.

public void SendToBrowser(String sData, ref Socket mySocket)
{
	SendToBrowser (Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sData), ref mySocket);
}


public void SendToBrowser(Byte[] bSendData, ref Socket mySocket)
{
	int numBytes = 0;
	try
	{
		if (mySocket.Connected)
		{
			if (( numBytes = mySocket.Send(bSendData, bSendData.Length,0)) == -1)
				Console.WriteLine("Socket Error cannot Send Packet");
			else
			{
				Console.WriteLine("No. of bytes send {0}" , numBytes);
			}
		}
		else
			Console.WriteLine("Connection Dropped....");
	}
	catch (Exception  e)
	{
		Console.WriteLine("Error Occurred : {0} ", e );
	}
}

We now have all the building blocks ready, now we will delve into the key function of our application.

public void StartListen()
{

	int iStartPos = 0;
	String sRequest;
	String sDirName;
	String sRequestedFile;
	String sErrorMessage;
	String sLocalDir;
	String sMyWebServerRoot = "C:\MyWebServerRoot\";
	String sPhysicalFilePath = "";
	String sFormattedMessage = "";
	String sResponse = "";


	while(true)
	{
		//Accept a new connection
		Socket mySocket = myListener.AcceptSocket() ;

		Console.WriteLine ("Socket Type " + 	mySocket.SocketType ); 
		if(mySocket.Connected)
		{
			Console.WriteLine("\nClient Connected!!\n==================\n
 			CLient IP {0}\n", mySocket.RemoteEndPoint) ;


			//make a byte array and receive data from the client 
			Byte[] bReceive = new Byte[1024] ;
			int i = mySocket.Receive(bReceive,bReceive.Length,0) ;


			//Convert Byte to String
			string sBuffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bReceive);


			//At present we will only deal with GET type
			if (sBuffer.Substring(0,3) != "GET" )
			{
				Console.WriteLine("Only Get Method is supported..");
				mySocket.Close();
				return;
			}


			// Look for HTTP request
			iStartPos = sBuffer.IndexOf("HTTP",1);


			// Get the HTTP text and version e.g. it will return "HTTP/1.1"
			string sHttpVersion = sBuffer.Substring(iStartPos,8);


			// Extract the Requested Type and Requested file/directory
			sRequest = sBuffer.Substring(0,iStartPos - 1);


			//Replace backslash with Forward Slash, if Any
			sRequest.Replace("\","/");


			//If file name is not supplied add forward slash to indicate 
			//that it is a directory and then we will look for the 
			//default file name..
			if ((sRequest.IndexOf(".") <1) && (!sRequest.EndsWith("/")))
			{
				sRequest = sRequest + "/"; 
			}
			//Extract the requested file name
			iStartPos = sRequest.LastIndexOf("/") + 1;
			sRequestedFile = sRequest.Substring(iStartPos);


			//Extract The directory Name
			sDirName = sRequest.Substring(sRequest.IndexOf("/"), sRequest.LastIndexOf("/")-3);

The code is self-explanatory. It receives the request, converts it into string from bytes then look for the request type, extracts the HTTP Version, file and directory information.

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Identify the Physical Directory
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
if ( sDirName == "/")
	sLocalDir = sMyWebServerRoot;
else
{
	//Get the Virtual Directory
	sLocalDir = GetLocalPath(sMyWebServerRoot, sDirName);
}


Console.WriteLine("Directory Requested : " +  sLocalDir);

//If the physical directory does not exists then
// dispaly the error message
if (sLocalDir.Length == 0 )
{
	sErrorMessage = "<H2>Error!! Requested Directory does not exists</H2><Br>";
	//sErrorMessage = sErrorMessage + "Please check data\Vdirs.Dat";

	//Format The Message
	SendHeader(sHttpVersion,  "", sErrorMessage.Length, " 404 Not Found", ref mySocket);

	//Send to the browser
	SendToBrowser(sErrorMessage, ref mySocket);

	mySocket.Close();

	continue;
}

Note: Microsoft Internet Explorer usually displays a 'friendy' HTTP Error Page if you want to display our error message then you need to disable the 'Show friendly HTTP error messages' option under the 'Advanced' tab in Tools->Internet Options. Next we look if the directory name is supplied, we call GetLocalPath function to get the physical directory information, if the directory not found (or does not mapped with entry in Vdir.Dat) error message is sent to the browser.. Next we will identify the file name, if the filename is not supplied by the user we will call the GetTheDefaultFileName function to retrieve the filename, if error occurred it is thrown to browser.

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Identify the File Name
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//If The file name is not supplied then look in the default file list
if (sRequestedFile.Length == 0 )
{
	// Get the default filename
	sRequestedFile = GetTheDefaultFileName(sLocalDir);

	if (sRequestedFile == "")
	{
		sErrorMessage = "<H2>Error!! No Default File Name Specified</H2>";
		SendHeader(sHttpVersion,  "", sErrorMessage.Length, " 404 Not Found", 
               ref mySocket);
		SendToBrowser ( sErrorMessage, ref mySocket);

		mySocket.Close();

		return;

	}
}

Then we need to indentify the Mime type

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Get TheMime Type
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

String sMimeType = GetMimeType(sRequestedFile);


//Build the physical path
sPhysicalFilePath = sLocalDir + sRequestedFile;
Console.WriteLine("File Requested : " +  sPhysicalFilePath);

Now the final steps of opening the requested file and sending it to the browser..

if (File.Exists(sPhysicalFilePath) == false)
{

	sErrorMessage = "<H2>404 Error! File Does Not Exists...</H2>";
	SendHeader(sHttpVersion, "", sErrorMessage.Length, " 404 Not Found", ref mySocket);
	SendToBrowser( sErrorMessage, ref mySocket);

	Console.WriteLine(sFormattedMessage);
}

else
{
	int iTotBytes=0;

	sResponse ="";

	FileStream fs = new FileStream(sPhysicalFilePath, FileMode.Open, 	FileAccess.Read,
      FileShare.Read);
	// Create a reader that can read bytes from the FileStream.

	
	BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(fs);
	byte[] bytes = new byte[fs.Length];
	int read;
	while((read = reader.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)) != 0) 
	{
		// Read from the file and write the data to the network
		sResponse = sResponse + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes,0,read);

		iTotBytes = iTotBytes + read;

	}
	reader.Close(); 
	fs.Close();

	SendHeader(sHttpVersion,  sMimeType, iTotBytes, " 200 OK", ref mySocket);
	SendToBrowser(bytes, ref mySocket);
	//mySocket.Send(bytes, bytes.Length,0);

}
mySocket.Close();	

				}
			}
		}
	}
}

Compilation and ExecutionTo compile the program from the command line: